Radiculopathy (Pinched Nerve)

​

What is Radiculopathy?

​

Radiculopathy refers to irritation or compression of a nerve root as it exits the spine. This is often described as a “pinched nerve.” Radiculopathy can occur in the neck (cervical radiculopathy) or lower back (lumbar radiculopathy).

​

The most common causes are:

• A slipped (herniated) disc

• Age-related wear and tear (degenerative changes)

• Narrowing of the spaces where nerves exit the spine (foraminal stenosis)

​

Symptoms depend on which nerve root is affected and may include:

• Pain radiating into the arm or leg

• Numbness or tingling

• Muscle weakness

• Reduced reflexes

• Neck or back pain

​

Examples include sciatica (pain radiating down the leg) and nerve root compression in the neck causing arm pain and hand numbness.

​

 

Why Have I Been Referred for Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG)?

​

Your doctor may have recommended these tests to:

​

• Confirm whether your symptoms are due to a nerve root problem

• Determine which nerve root is affected

• Assess whether there is evidence of ongoing or previous nerve injury

• Exclude other conditions such as peripheral neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, or plexopathy

• Help guide treatment decisions

​

Although MRI scans show the structure of the spine, they do not always indicate whether a nerve root is functionally affected. EMG provides important information about whether the nerve is working properly.

​

 

What to Expect During the Test

​

Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS): Electrodes are placed on the skin to assess how well nerves in the arms or legs conduct electrical signals. In radiculopathy, these tests are often normal, but they are useful for excluding other conditions that can mimic a pinched nerve.

​

Electromyography (EMG): EMG is usually the most informative part of the assessment. A very fine, disposable sterile needle is inserted into selected muscles supplied by the affected nerve root. The electrical activity is analysed to look for signs of nerve root irritation or injury. The test may cause mild temporary discomfort, but is generally well tolerated.

​

For further information on NCS/EMG, please visit our information page here.

​

 

Summary

​

Radiculopathy is caused by compression or irritation of a nerve root in the spine and may lead to pain, numbness, or weakness in an arm or leg. NCS and EMG are safe, specialised tests that help confirm the diagnosis, identify the affected nerve root, and exclude other causes of your symptoms. The results assist your doctor in deciding on the most appropriate treatment, which may include physiotherapy, medication, injections, or surgery.