PATIENT INFORMATION
Peripheral neuropathy
A condition affecting the network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
What is peripheral neuropathy?
Peripheral neuropathy affects the peripheral nerves — the network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that controls sensation, movement, and autonomic functions such as blood pressure and digestion. When damaged, they may not work properly, leading to symptoms such as:
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Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
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Burning, stabbing, or electric shock-like pain
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Muscle weakness or cramping
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Loss of coordination or balance
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Sensitivity to touch
There are many possible causes, including diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, autoimmune conditions, inherited nerve disorders, alcohol, certain medications and nerve injuries.
Why have I been referred for NCS and EMG?
These tests confirm whether your symptoms are due to nerve or muscle problems, identify the type of nerve damage (sensory, motor, or both), determine whether the problem lies in the nerve fibres themselves (axonal) or their insulation (myelin), establish the pattern and distribution of involvement, and guide treatment. They provide functional information that scans and blood tests alone cannot.
What to expect during the test
Nerve conduction studies: small electrodes are placed on the skin over the nerves and muscles, and a mild electrical pulse stimulates the nerve — a brief tingling similar to a static shock. The responses show how well your nerves are working.
EMG is not always required, but may be recommended depending on the NCS findings or the questions your referring doctor has raised. There are no lasting side effects, though some people notice mild temporary soreness or minor bruising. Read more about NCS/EMG.
Summary
Peripheral neuropathy is a common finding; the purpose of investigation is to establish the pattern of neuropathy and its underlying cause, so that any potentially reversible causes are identified and treated. NCS and EMG are safe, specialised tests whose results guide treatment and ongoing management.